Iingcali zokhuseleko lomlilo zigxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha isicima-mlilo esifanelekileyo kumngcipheko ngamnye. Amanzi,Isicima-manzi esinegwebu, Isixhobo sokucima umgubo esomileyo, uhlobo olumanzi umbhobho wokucima umlilo, kunye neemodeli zebhetri ze-lithium-ion zijongana neengozi ezizodwa. Iingxelo zeziganeko zonyaka ezivela kwimithombo esemthethweni zigxininisa imfuno yobuchwepheshe obuhlaziyiweyo kunye nezisombululo ezijoliswe kuzo kumakhaya, kwiindawo zokusebenza, kunye nezithuthi.

Iiklasi zeSicimi-mlilo zicacisiwe

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo yohlula imililo ibe ziindidi ezintlanu eziphambili. Iklasi nganye ichaza uhlobo oluthile lwepetroli kwaye ifuna isicima-mlilo esisodwa sokulawula okukhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenzayo. Le theyibhile ingezantsi ishwankathelaiinkcazo ezisemthethweni, imithombo yamafutha aqhelekileyo, kunye nezixhobo zokucima ezicetyiswayo kwiklasi nganye:

Iklasi A – Izinto ezivuthayo eziqhelekileyo

Imililo yodidi A ibandakanya izixhobo ezifana neenkuni, iphepha kunye nelaphu. Le mililo ishiya ngasemva uthuthu namalahle. Izitshizi zokucima umlilo ezisekwe emanzini kunye neemodeli zemichiza eyomileyo eneenjongo ezininzi zisebenza kakuhle. Amakhaya kunye nee-ofisi zihlala zisebenzisa izicima-mlilo ze-ABC kule mingcipheko.

Udidi B - Ulwelo olunokutsha

Imililo yodidi B iqala ngolwelo olunokutsha njengepetroli, ioli, kunye nepeyinti. Le mililo isasazeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ivelisa umsi oshinyeneyo. I-CO2 kunye nezicimi-mlilo ezomileyo zeekhemikhali zisebenza kakhulu. Iiarhente zegwebu zikwanceda ngokuthintela ukutsha kwakhona.

Udidi C – Imililo yoMbane

Imililo yodidi C ibandakanya izixhobo zombane ezomeleleyo. Iintlantsi kunye nevumba elivuthayo lombane lihlala libonisa olu hlobo. Kuphela ii-non-conductive agents ezifana ne-CO2 okanye izitshizi zokucima umlilo zekhemikhali ezomileyo kufuneka zisetyenziswe. Amanzi okanye ugwebu lunokubangela ukothuka kombane kwaye kufuneka kuphetshwe.

Udidi D – Imililo yesinyithi

Imililo yodidi D lwenzeka xa iintsimbi ezifana nemagnesium, titanium, okanye isodiyam zivutha. Le mililo itshisa kakhulu kwaye isabela ngokuyingozi emanzini.Izicimi-mlilo ezikhethekileyo zomgubo owomileyo, njengabo basebenzisa igraphite okanye i-sodium chloride, bavunyiwe kwezi zinyithi.

Iklasi K - Ioyile yokupheka kunye neFats

Imililo yodidi K lwenzeka ezikhitshini, rhoqo ibandakanya ii-oyile zokupheka kunye namafutha. Izitshizi zokucima umlilo ezimanzi ziyilelwe le mililo. Bapholisa kwaye batywine ioli evuthayo, ukuthintela ukutshisa kwakhona. Amakhitshi orhwebo afuna ezi zitshizi zokucima umlilo ukuze zikhuseleke.

Iindidi zeSicimi-mlilo eziBalulekileyo zika-2025

Isicimi somlilo samanzi

Izicima-mlilo zamanzi zihlala zingundoqo kukhuseleko lomlilo, ngakumbi kwimililo yodidi A. Ezi zicimi-mlilo ziyapholisa zize zifunxe izinto ezivuthayo njengeenkuni, iphepha nelaphu, ukuze umlilo ungavuthi. Abantu badla ngokukhetha izitshizi zokucima amanzi emakhayeni, ezikolweni naseziofisini kuba azibizi mali ininzi, kulula ukuzisebenzisa kwaye aziyikhathaleli indalo.

Qaphela: Ungaze usebenzise isicima-mlilo samanzi kwimililo yombane okanye elulwelo olunokutsha. Amanzi ahambisa umbane kwaye anokusasaza ulwelo oluvuthayo, nto leyo eyenza ezi meko zibe yingozi ngakumbi.

Isicimi somlilo sogwebu

Izicima-mlilo zogwebu zibonelela ngokhuseleko oluguquguqukayo kuzo zombini imililo yoDidi A kunye noDidi B. Basebenza ngokuvala umlilo ngengubo eshinyeneyo yogwebu, bepholisa umphezulu kunye nokuthintela ioksijini ukunqanda ukuvutha kwakhona. Imizi-mveliso efana ne-oyile, igesi, kunye neekhemikhali zepetroli zixhomekeke kwizicimi-mlilo ezinogwebu ukuze zikwazi ukuphatha imililo yolwelo olunokutsha. Iigaraji ezininzi, iikhitshi, kunye neendawo zemizi-mveliso nazo zisebenzisa izicima-mlilo ezinogwebu kwiingozi zomlilo ezixubeneyo.

• Ukunciphisa umlilo ngokukhawuleza kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokutshisa
• Ii-agent eziphuculweyo ze-foam
• Ifanelekile kwiindawo apho kugcinwa khona amafutha okanye i-oyile

Izicimi zokucima amagwebu ziye zafumana ukuthandwa ngo-2025 ngenxa yazoiiprofayili eziphuculweyo zokusingqongileyokunye nokusebenza ngempumelelo kwimizi-mveliso kunye neendawo zokuhlala.

Imichiza eyomileyo (ABC) yokucima umlilo

Imichiza eyomileyo (i-ABC) yokucima umlilo ivelele njengolona hlobo lusetyenziswa kakhulu ngo-2025. Isithako sazo esisebenzayo, i-monoammonium phosphate, ibavumela ukuba bajongane nemililo ye-Class A, B, kunye ne-C. Lo mgubo utshisa amadangatye, uphazamise inkqubo yokutsha, kwaye wenze umaleko okhuselayo wokuthintela ukutsha kwakhona.

Izitshizi zokucima imichiza eyomileyo zibonelela ngesicombululo esithembekileyo, esidibanisa yonke into kumakhaya, kumashishini nakwindawo yemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, azifanelekanga kwimililo yegrisi yasekhitshini okanye imililo yentsimbi, apho kufuneka izicima-mlilo ezikhethekileyo.

I-CO2 yokucima umlilo

I-CO2 yokucima umlilosebenzisa igesi yecarbon dioxide ukucima imililo ngaphandle kokushiya nayiphi na intsalela. Ezi zicimi zilungele imililo yombane kunye neendawo ezinovakalelo ezifana namaziko edatha, iilabhoratri, kunye nezibonelelo zempilo. Izicimi-mlilo ze-CO2 zisebenza ngokususa ioksijini kunye nokupholisa umlilo, nto leyo eyenza ukuba isebenze kwiKlasi B kunye neKlasi C yomlilo.

• Akukho ntsalela, ikhuselekile kwizinto zombane
• Icandelo lemarike elikhula ngokukhawuleza ngenxa yokwanda kweziseko zedijithali

Isilumkiso: Kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, i-CO2 inokususa i-oksijini kwaye idale ingozi yokuphefumla. Hlala uqinisekisa ukungena komoya okufanelekileyo kwaye ugweme ukusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezivaliweyo.

ISicimi somlilo seMichiza esimanzi

Imichiza yokucima umlilo emanzi yenzelwe imililo yodidi lukaK, equka ioli yokupheka namafutha. Ezi zicimi-mlilo zitshiza inkungu entle epholisa ioli etshayo ize yenze umaleko onesepha, ivale umphezulu ize ithintele ukuvutha kwakhona. Amakhitshi okurhweba, iindawo zokutyela, kunye neendawo zokulungisa ukutya zixhomekeke kwizicimi-mlilo ezimanzi ukuze zikhuseleke ngokuthembekileyo.

• Isebenza kwiifryiri ezinamafutha anzulu kunye nezixhobo zokupheka zorhwebo
• Ifunwa ngeekhowudi zokhuseleko kwiindawo ezininzi zenkonzo yokutya

Isicimi somlilo esomileyo sePowder

Izixhobo zokucima umlilo zomgubo owomileyo zibonelela ngokhuseleko olubanzi kwimililo yodidi A, B, noC, kunye neminye imililo yombane ukuya kuthi ga kwi-1000 volts. Iimodeli zepowder eyomileyo ezichwephesha nazo zinokubamba imililo yesinyithi (iKlasi D), ibenze iyimfuneko kwizicwangciso zeshishini.

• Icetyiselwe iigaraji, iindawo zokusebenzela, amagumbi ebhoyila, kunye neetanki zamafutha
• Ayifanelekanga kwimililo yegrisi yasekhitshini okanye imililo yombane enevoltage ephezulu

Icebiso: Gwema ukusebenzisa izixhobo zokucima umgubo owomileyo kwiindawo ezivaliweyo, njengoko umgubo unokunciphisa ukubonakala kunye nokubeka ingozi yokuphefumla.

ILithium-ion Ibhetri yokucima umlilo

I-Lithium-ion ibhetri yokucima umlilo imele i-innovation enkulu ye-2025. Ngokunyuka kwezithuthi zombane, i-electronics ephathekayo, kunye nokugcinwa kwamandla avuselelekayo, imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ibe yinkxalabo ebalulekileyo. Izicima-mlilo ezitsha zinee-arhente ezisekelwe kumanzi, ezingeyotyhefu, kwaye zinobuhlobo nokusingqongileyo. Ezi modeli ziphendula ngokukhawuleza ekubalekeni kwe-thermal, iiseli ezipholileyo zebhetri ezikufutshane, kunye nokuthintela ukuvutha kwakhona.

• Uyilo olubambekayo noluphathwayo lwamakhaya, iiofisi, kunye nezithuthi
• Yenzelwe ngokukodwa imililo yebhetri ye-lithium-ion
• Ukucinezelwa kwangoko kunye namandla okupholisa

Ithekhnoloji yamva nje yebhetri ye-lithium-ion ibandakanya izinto ezakhelwe ngaphakathi zokucima umlilo, ezifana neepolymers ezigatya idangatye ezisebenza kumaqondo obushushu aphezulu, zinika ukhuseleko oluphuculweyo kunye nokuzinza.

Indlela yokukhetha iSicimi somlilo esiLungileyo

Ukuvavanywa kwemekobume yakho

Ukukhetha isicima-mlilo esifanelekileyo kuqala ngokujonga ngononophelo indawo engqongileyo. Abantu bafanele baqaphele iingozi zomlilo ezifana nezixhobo zombane, iindawo zokupheka, nokugcinwa kwezinto ezinokutsha. Kufuneka bajonge imeko yezixhobo zokhuseleko kwaye baqinisekise ukuba i-alamu kunye nokuphuma kusebenza kakuhle. Uyilo lwesakhiwo luchaphazela indawo yokucima umlilo ukuze ufikeleleke ngokukhawuleza. Ukuphononongwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlaziywa kunceda ukugcina izicwangciso zokhuseleko lomlilo zisebenza kakuhle.

Ukuthelekisa iSicimi soMlilo kuMngcipheko woMlilo

Ukuthelekisa isicima-mlilo kumngcipheko womlilo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olungcono. La manyathelo alandelayo anceda ukukhokela inkqubo yokhetho:

1. Chonga iintlobo zemililo enokwenzeka, ezifana noDidi A lwezinto ezinokutsha okanye udidi K lweoyile zasekhitshini.
2. Sebenzisa izicima-mlilo ezisetyenziselwa iinjongo ezininzi kwiindawo ezinomngcipheko oxubileyo.
3. Khethaiimodeli ezikhethekileyokwiingozi ezizodwa, njengeeyunithi zearhente ezicocekileyo zamagumbi omncedisi.
4. Cinga ubungakanani kunye nobunzima bokuphatha ngokulula.
5. Beka izinto zokucima umlilo kufutshane neendawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu kwaye uzigcine zibonakala.
6. Iindleko zokulinganisela kunye neemfuno zokhuseleko.
7. Qeqesha wonke umntu ngokusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nezicwangciso zikaxakeka.
8. Cwangcisa ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa.

Ukuqwalasela imingcipheko emitsha kunye neMigangatho

Imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo kwi-2025 ifuna ukuthotyelwa kwe-NFPA 10, NFPA 70, kunye ne-NFPA 25. Le khowudi ibeka imithetho yokukhetha, ukufakwa kunye nokugcinwa. Izinto zokucima umlilo mazibe lula ukufikelela kuzo kwaye zibekwe kumgama ochanekileyo wokuhamba ukusuka kwiingozi. Imingcipheko emitsha, efana nomlilo webhetri ye-lithium-ion, ukubiza iintlobo zokucima umlilo ezihlaziyiweyo kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi rhoqo.

Ikhaya, Indawo yoMsebenzi, kunye neeMfuno zesiThuthi

Iisetingi ezahlukeneyo zinemingcipheko yomlilo eyodwa.Amakhaya afuna izixhobo zokucima imichiza ezomileyokufutshane neendawo zokuphuma kunye neigaraji. Iindawo zokusebenzela zifuna iimodeli ezisekelwe kwiintlobo ezinobungozi, kunye neeyunithi ezikhethekileyo zekhitshi kunye namagumbi e-IT. Izithuthi kufuneka zithwale izixhobo zokucima umlilo zodidi B no-C ukuze zikwazi ukuphatha ulwelo olunokutsha kunye nemililo yombane. Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kunceda ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kuyo yonke indawo.

Usisebenzisa njani isicima-mlilo

I-PASS Technique

Iingcali zokhuseleko lomlilo zincomaUbuchule bePASSukusebenza kwezitshizi zokucima umlilo. Le ndlela inceda abasebenzisi ukuba benze ngokukhawuleza nangokuchanekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka. Amanyathelo e-PASS asebenza kuzo zonke iintlobo zokucima umlilo, ngaphandle kweemodeli ezisebenza ngekhatriji, ezifuna iinyathelo elongezelelweyo lokuvulangaphambi kokuba uqale.

1. Tsala isikhonkwane sokhuseleko ukuze uqhawule itywina.
2. Jolisa umlomo kwisiseko somlilo.
3. Cofa isibambo ngokulinganayo ukukhulula i-arhente.
4. Tshayela icala lombhobho kwicala elinqumla kwisiseko somlilo de amadangatye aphele.

Abantu kufuneka basoloko befunda imiyalelo kwisixhobo sabo sokucima umlilo phambi kokuba kubekho ixesha likaxakeka. Ubuchule bePASS buhlala bungumgangatho wosetyenziso olukhuselekileyo nolusebenzayo.

Iingcebiso zoKhuseleko

Ukusetyenziswa nokugcinwa ngokufanelekileyo kwezitshizi zokucima umlilo kukhusela ubomi kunye nempahla. Iingxelo zokhuseleko lomlilo zibonisa iingcebiso ezininzi ezibalulekileyo:

• Zihlole rhoqo izicima-mliloukuqinisekisa ukuba bayasebenza xa kuyimfuneko.
• Gcina izicima-mlilo kwiindawo ezibonakalayo nezifikelelekayo.
• Nyusa iiyunithi ngokukhuselekileyo ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza.
• Sebenzisa iuhlobo oluchanekileyo lwesicima-mlilokwingozi yomlilo nganye.
• Ungaze ususe okanye wonakalise iilebhile kunye neeplate zamagama, njengoko zibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo.
• Yazi indlela yokusaba phambi kokuba ulwe nomlilo.

Icebiso: Ukuba umlilo ukhula okanye uyanwenwa, phuma ngokukhawuleza uze ufowunele iinkonzo zikaxakeka.

La manyathelo anceda wonke umntu ukuba aphendule ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzithemba ngexesha likaxakeka lomlilo.

ULondolozo lweSicimi-mlilo kunye nokuBekwa

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo

Ukuhlolwa kwesiqhelo kugcina izixhobo zokhuseleko lomlilo zilungele iimeko ezingxamisekileyo. Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwenyanga kunceda umonakalo wendawo, ukuqinisekisa amanqanaba oxinzelelo, kunye nokuqinisekisa ukufikelela lula. Uhlolo lonyaka lobuchwephesha luqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokupheleleyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-OSHA 29 CFR 1910.157(e) (3) kunye nemigangatho ye-NFPA ye-10. Amathuba ovavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic axhomekeke kuhlobo lwesicimi-mlilo, ukusuka kwiminyaka emi-5 ukuya kweli-12. Ezi shedyuli zokuhlola zisebenza kumakhaya kunye nakumashishini.

• Ukuhlolwa okubonakalayo kwenyanga kujonga umonakalo, uxinzelelo, kunye nokufikeleleka.
• Ugcino lonyaka lobungcali luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kunye nokusebenza.
• Uvavanyo lwe-Hydrostatic lwenzeka yonke iminyaka emi-5 ukuya kwe-12, ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lokucima.

Inkonzo kunye noTshintsho

Inkonzo efanelekileyo kunye nokutshintshwa kwangexesha kukhusele ubomi kunye nepropathi. Iitshekhi zenyanga nolondolozo lonyaka ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho eli-10 yeNFPA. Ulondolozo lwangaphakathi luyafuneka rhoqo emva kweminyaka emithandathu. Amaxesha okuvavanya i-Hydrostatic ayahluka ngohlobo lokucima. Imithetho ye-OSHA ifuna iirekhodi zenkonzo kunye nokuqeqeshwa kwabasebenzi. Ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza kuyafuneka ukuba umhlwa, umhlwa, izibonda, izitywina eziqhekekileyo, iilebhile ezingafundekiyo, okanye imibhobho eyonakeleyo. Ukufundwa kwegeyiji yoxinzelelo ngaphandle koluhlu oluqhelekileyo okanye ukulahleka koxinzelelo oluphindaphindiweyo emva kokugcinwa kukwabonisa isidingo sokutshintshwa. Izicima-mlilo ezenziwe ngaphambi kuka-Oktobha 1984 kufuneka zisuswe ukuze zihlangabezane nemigangatho ehlaziyiweyo yokhuseleko. Inkonzo yobungcali kunye namaxwebhu aqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho.

Ukubekwa kweQhinga

Ukubekwa kobuchule kuqinisekisa ukufikelela ngokukhawuleza kunye nokuphendula okusebenzayo komlilo. Izixhobo zokucima umlilo zentaba ezinemiqheba phakathi kwe-3.5 kunye ne-5 yeenyawo ukusuka emgangathweni. Gcina iiyunithi ubuncinane kwii-intshi ezi-4 ukusuka emhlabeni. Ubuninzi bemigama yokuhamba iyahluka: iinyawo ezingama-75 kwiKlasi A kunye no-D imililo, iinyawo ezingama-30 kwiKlasi B kunye noK. Beka izinto zokucima umlilo kufuphi neendawo zokuphuma kunye neendawo ezinomngcipheko omkhulu, njengamakhitshi kunye namagumbi oomatshini. Kuphephe ukubeka iiyunithi kufutshane kakhulu nemithombo yomlilo. Beka izixhobo zokucima umlilo kufuphi neminyango kwiigaraji ukuze uthintele umqobo. Ukusabalalisa iiyunithi kwiindawo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokuhamba kweenyawo eziphezulu. Sebenzisa imiqondiso ecacileyo kwaye ugcine ufikelelo lungenamqobo. Tshatisa iiklasi zokucima umlilo kwiingozi ezithile kwindawo nganye. Uvavanyo lwarhoqo lugcina ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwe-OSHA, NFPA, kunye nemigangatho ye-ADA.

Icebiso: Ukubekwa ngokufanelekileyo kunciphisa ixesha lokubuyisela kwaye kwandisa ukhuseleko ngexesha likaxakeka.

1. Yonke indawo engqongileyo idinga isicima-mlilo esifanelekileyo ngenxa yeengozi zaso ezizodwa.
2. Ukuphononongwa rhoqo kunye nohlaziyo lugcina izicwangciso zokhuseleko zisebenza.
3. Imigangatho emitsha ngo-2025 igxininisa imfuneko yezixhobo eziqinisekisiweyo kunye neteknoloji ehlakaniphile.

Ukuhlala unolwazi malunga neengozi zomlilo kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko olungcono kumntu wonke.

FAQ

Sesiphi esona sicima-mlilo silungileyo sokusetyenziswa ekhaya ngo-2025?

Uninzi lwamakhaya asebenzisa isixhobo sokucima imichiza eyomileyo iABC. Igubungela izinto eziqhelekileyo ezinokutsha, ulwelo olunokutsha, kunye nemililo yombane. Olu hlobo lunikeza ukhuseleko olubanzi kwimingcipheko eqhelekileyo yasekhaya.

Umntu ufanele asihlole kangaphi isixhobo sokucima umlilo?

Iingcali zincoma iitshekhi ezibonakalayo zenyanga kunye nokuhlolwa kweengcali zonyaka. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kuqinisekisa ukuba isicimi-mlilo sisebenza ngexesha likaxakeka kwaye sihlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko.

Ngaba isicima-mlilo esinye siyakwazi ukumelana nazo zonke iintlobo zomlilo?

Akukho sicimi-mlilo sisodwa sibamba wonke umlilo. Uhlobo ngalunye lujolise kwiingozi ezithile. Soloko uthelekisa isicima-mlilo kumngcipheko womlilo ukuze ukhuseleke kakhulu.

Ingcebiso: Soloko uyifunde ileyibhile phambi kokuba uyisebenzise. Ukukhetha okufanelekileyo kusindisa ubomi.