Ukukhethwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka kweevalve zokumisa kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo. Ubhedu kunye nobhedu, ii-alloys ezimbini ezisetyenziswa ngokubanzi, zibonisa iimpawu ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo kunye neempawu zokusebenza.

• UbheduIxhathisa kakhulu kumhlwa, ilula kakhulu, kwaye yomelele, iyenza ibe lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwizicelo ezinjengeevalvu ezithe tye kunye neevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo.
• Ubhedu, ngelixa ikwazi ukumelana ne-corrosion, ine-porosity ephezulu kunye nokunciphisa ukuqina, okunokukhokelela ekuthotyweni kwezinto ngokuhamba kwexesha.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kubalulekile ukuze kuqinisekiswe ubomi obude kunye nokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo kweevalve zokumisa, kubandakanywa iivalve zePRV kunyeiivalvu zokuthintela uxinzelelo, kuzo zonke iimeko zokusingqongileyo ezahlukeneyo.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Ubhedu luxabisa ngaphantsikwaye kulula ukuyibumba, ngoko isebenza kakuhle kwiinkqubo zomlilo zangaphakathi kunye noxinzelelo oluphakathi.
• Ibronzi yomelele kwaye ixhathisa umhlwa ngcono, iyenza ilunge kwiindawo ezomeleleyo ezifana kufuphi nolwandle.
• Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyoiivalvu zokumisa zixhomekeke apho isetyenziswa khona kwaye yeyantoni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ihlala kwaye isebenza kakuhle.

Ukubunjwa kwezinto eziphathekayo kweeValve zokuHlala

Ubhedu: Ukubunjwa kunye neePropati

I-Brass yi-alloy ngokuyinhloko eyenziwe ngobhedu kunye ne-zinc, kunye nomlinganiselo ohlukeneyo ngokusekelwe kwisicelo esijoliswe kuyo. Isiqulatho sobhedu ngokuqhelekileyo sisuka kwi-55% ukuya kwi-95%, ngelixa i-zinc yenza i-5% ukuya kwi-45%. Izinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana nelothe, isinyithi, i-aluminiyam, i-nickel, kunye ne-arsenic zihlala zongezwa ukuphucula iipropati ezithile.

• Inkokeliiphucula ukusebenza, ukwenza ubhedu lube lula ukumila ngexesha lokuvelisa.
• Intsimbikwandisa amandla, ukuqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zinokumelana noxinzelelo lomatshini.
• Aluminiyamkwayenickelukwandisa ukumelana nokuhlwa, ukwenza ubhedu bulungele iindawo ezisingqongileyo ezivezwe kukufuma okanye iikhemikhali.

I-Brass iyaziwa ngokusebenza kwayo okugqwesileyo, ivumela abavelisi ukuba benze uyilo oluntsonkothileyo lweevalvu zokumisa. Ukuxhatshazwa kwayo kwe-corrosion kuqinisekisa ukuhlala kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo, apho ukuthembeka kubaluleke kakhulu.

Ubhedu: Ukubunjwa kunye neePropati

Ibronzi yialloyi ebandakanya ubhedu kunye netoti, ubhedu lwenza malunga nama-88% kunye ne-tin malunga ne-12%. Izinto ezongezelelweyo ezifana ne-aluminium, i-nickel, i-phosphorus, i-silicon, kunye ne-manganese zihlala zibandakanyiwe ekuphuculeni iimpawu zomatshini kunye neekhemikhali.

• Aluminiyamkwandisa amandla kunye nokumelana nomhlwa, okwenza ubhedu lube lulungele imeko-bume yaselwandle.
• Nickelyongeza ukuchasana kwe-tarnish kunye nokuqina okupheleleyo.
• Iphosphorusiphucula ukumelana nokunxiba, iqinisekisa ubomi obude kwizicelo zokukhuhlana okuphezulu.
• Isiliconkwayemanganeseigalelo kumandla oomatshini kunye nokomelela.

Ubhedu lubonisa ukomelela okuphezulu kunye nokumelana nokugqwesa okugqwesileyo, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezirhabaxa. Ngokomzekelo, i-nickel aluminium bronze isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kumacandelo e-aerospace ngenxa yokuqina kwayo kwe-550 ukuya kwi-900 MPa kunye nokuqina kwiimeko zolwandle. Ngokufanayo, i-C932 ethwele ubhedu, enamandla okuqina amalunga nama-35,000 PSI, iqhele ukusetyenziswa kumalungu evalvu.

Iiyantlukwano eziphambili ekubunjweni kwezinto eziphathekayo

Umahluko wokubunjwa phakathi kobhedu kunye nobhedu luchaphazela kakhulu iimpawu zabo zomzimba kunye nokufaneleka kweevalvu zokumisa.

Ingxubevange	Amacandelo Angundoqo	Izinto ezongezelelweyo kunye neziphumo zazo
Ubhedu	Ubhedu (88%), iTin (12%)	I-Aluminiyam (amandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola), i-Nickel (amandla, ukuxhathisa ukubola), iPhosphorus (ukumelana nokunxiba), iSilicon (amandla), iManganese (iipropati zomatshini)
Ubhedu	Ubhedu (55% -95%), iZinc (5% -45%)	I-Lead (i-machinability), i-Iron (amandla), i-Aluminiyam (i-corrosion resistance), i-Nickel (ukumelana nokubola), i-Arsenic (ukumelana nokubola)

I-Brass iqulethe umxholo ophezulu we-zinc, ophucula ukuguquguquka kwayo kunye nokuguquguquka, okwenza kube lula ukuvelisa iivalvu zokumisa ngoyilo olunzima. Ubhedu, kwelinye icala, luxhomekeke kwi-tin kunye nezinye izinto ukuphumeza amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokunxiba, okwenza ukuba ilungele izicelo ezifuna ukuqina phantsi koxinzelelo lomatshini.

Umahluko wobungakanani ugxininisa ngakumbi iimpawu zabo ezizodwa:

Izinto eziphathekayo	Ubhedu (%)	IZinc (%)	Inkcenkce (%)	Ezinye izinto
Ubhedu	57% ukuya kuma-63%	35% ukuya kwi-40%	N / A	N / A
Ubhedu	Ubhedu + Tin	N / A	N / A	I-Nickel, iManganese (izongezo ezinokwenzeka)

Lo mahluko ugxininisa ukubaluleka kokukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiivalve zokumisa ngokusekelweiimfuno ezithile zesicelokunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo.

Ukumelana nokuNgxwala kwiiVavu zokuHlalisa

IBrass kunye neCorrosion Resistance

Ubhedu lubonakalisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kumhlwa, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezisingqongileyo ezinokuvezwa kancinci kwiikhemikhali ezirhabaxa okanye iimeko ezinzima. Umxholo wayo ophezulu wobhedu wenza umaleko we-oxide okhuselayo xa ubonakaliswe emoyeni okanye emanzini, okuthintela ukuthotywa okuqhubekayo. Le propati yenza ubhedu lube yinto ethembekileyo yokumisa iivalve ezisetyenziselwa kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo zangaphakathi okanye iindawo ezineemeko zendalo ezilawulwayo.

Ukongezwa kwezinto ezifana ne-aluminiyam kunye ne-nickel kwandisa ngakumbi amandla obhedu okuxhathisa umhlwa. Ialuminiyam yenza umaleko obhityileyo, ozinzileyo weoksidi okhusela imathiriyeli ekufuma kunye nokuvezwa kweekhemikhali. I-Nickel, kwelinye icala, iphucula ukuxhathisa i-tarnish, iqinisekisa ukuba izinto eziphathekayo zigcina ukubonakala kwazo kunye nokusebenza ngexesha. Ezi mpawu zenza ubhedu lube lolona khetho lufanelekileyo kwizicelo ezifuna ukuqina kunye nesibheno sobuhle.

UBronze kunye noKunyangwa koMhlwa

Ubhedu lunika umgangatho ophezuluukumelana nomhlwa, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinomngeni ezifana nezaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso. Ukubunjwa kwayo, ngokuyinhloko ubhedu kunye ne-tin, inika umqobo wendalo ngokuchasene ne-oxidation kunye neekhemikhali. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifana ne-aluminium kunye ne-phosphorus kuqinisa ngakumbi ukuchasana kwayo nokugqoka kunye nokubola.

Uphando lubonisa ukuba i-nickel-aluminium bronze (NAB) ibonisa ukuxhathisa ukuthotywa okuphuculweyo kwiindawo zaselwandle. Olu phuculo luvela kwiimpawu ze-microstructural ze-NAB/izakhiwo ezidibeneyo zentsimbi, ngakumbi ezo zenziwe nge-Wire-Arc Additive Manufacturing (WAAM). Ubungakanani beenkozo ezincinci kunye nemvula encinci ye-κ isigaba kwi-WAAM-NAB inciphisa ukubola kwesigaba esikhethiweyo, okubangelwa ukusebenza kakuhle ngokubanzi. Ezi mpawu zenza ubhedu lube yeyona nto ithandwayo kwiivalvu zokumisa ezivezwe kumanzi anetyuwa okanye ezinye izinto ezidlekayo.

Imiba yokusiNgqongileyo echaphazela ukuMhlwa

Imo engqongileyo idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukuxhathisa kokubola kwezinto ezisetyenziswa kwiivalvu zokumisa. Izinto ezinjengokufuma, ubushushu, nokuchanabeka kwimichiza okanye amanzi anetyuwa kunokukhawulezisa inkqubo yokuhlwa. Umzekelo, ubhedu lusebenza kakuhle kwiimeko ezomileyo okanye eziphakathi kodwa zinokonakala ngokukhawuleza kwiindawo ezinetyuwa eninzi okanye ukuvezwa kweasidi.

Ubhedu, kunye nokwakheka kwayo okuqinileyo, lumelana neemeko ezinzima, kubandakanywa neendawo zaselwandle kunye nokusetyenziswa kwemizi-mveliso. Nangona kunjalo, nobhedu lunokuba namava okwehla ukuba luvezwe kumanqanaba aphezulu e-pH okanye ukudibana ixesha elide neekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo ngokusekelweiimeko zokusingqongileyozibalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ubomi obude kunye nokuthembeka kweevalvu zokumisa.

Ukuqina kunye nokomelela kweeValves zokuHlala

IiPropati zoomatshini bobhedu

I-Brass ibonisa indibaniselwano ekhethekileyo yamandla kunye nokuguquguquka, okwenza kube yinto ethembekileyo yeevalve zokumisa. Amandla ayo okuqina aqala ukusuka kwi-200 ukuya kwi-550 MPa, kuxhomekeke kukwakheka kwealloyi ethile. La mandla avumela ubhedu ukuba lunyamezele uxinzelelo oluphakathi komatshini ngaphandle kokuqhekeka okanye ukonakala. Ukongeza, ukonakala kwayo kuqinisekisa ukuba abavelisi banokuyibumba ibe yinkqubo entsonkothileyo ngaphandle kokubeka esichengeni isidima sayo solwakhiwo.

Ubhedu lukwabonisa ukuxhathisa okugqwesileyo kokunxiba, ngakumbi kwiindawo ezinokhuhlane oluphantsi. Le propati inciphisa ukuba nokwenzeka kokuthotywa komphezulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, iqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo. Ukufakwa kwezinto ezifana nentsimbi kunye ne-aluminiyam kwandisa ngakumbi ukuzinza kwayo koomatshini, okwenza ukuba ifaneleke kwizicelo ezifuna zombini amandla kunye nokuchaneka.

IiPropati zoomatshini boBronzi

Ibronzi idume ngamandla ayo aphezulu kunye nokomelela kwayo phantsi kweemeko zoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Amandla ayo okuqina aqala ukusuka kwi-300 ukuya kwi-800 MPa, kuxhomekeke kwi-alloy. Oku kwenza ubhedu lube lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwizicelo apho ukuqina kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukongezwa kwe-tin kunye nezinye izinto ezifana ne-phosphorus kunye ne-manganese kwandisa ukuxhathisa kwayo, ukuyivumela ukuba imelane nokusetyenziswa ixesha elide kwiindawo ezibango.

Ubhedu lukwagqwesa kwizicelo zokukhuhlana okuphezulu ngenxa ye-coefficient ephantsi yokukhuhlana. Le propati inciphisa ukuguga kunye nokukrazula, ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila lamacandelo. Ikhono layo lokugcina ingqibelelo yesakhiwo phantsi kweemeko ezigqithisileyo zenza ukuba kube yinto ekhethiweyo yokumisa i-valve evezwe kwimithwalo enzima yomatshini.

UKuhlala ixesha elide kwizicelo zeValve yokuHlala

Ukomelela kwexesha elide kweevalvu zokumisa kuxhomekeke kumandla wesixhobo sokumelana nokuguga, ukubola, kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini. Uphando malunga nexesha elide levalve, olunje ngezifundo malunga nokufakelwa kwevalve ye-aortic ye-transcatheter (TAVI), ibonelela ngolwazi oluxabisekileyo. Umzekelo, ulingo lwe-PARTNER-1 lubike ukuba akukho konakala kwevalve yesakhiwo (SVD) emva kweminyaka emihlanu, ngelixa olunye uphononongo luphawule izehlo ze-SVD ezongezelekayo ze-14.9% emva kweminyaka esixhenxe. Ezi ziphumo zibalaselisa ukubaluleka kokuukukhetha izixhobo ezinokuqina okuqinisekisiweyokwizicelo ezibalulekileyo.

Ubhedu kunye nobhedu zombini zibonelelaukusebenza ixesha elide xa isetyenziswakwiivalvu zokumisa. Nangona kunjalo, ukhetho phakathi kwezi zibini luxhomekeke kwisicelo esithile kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. Ubhedu lufanelekile kuxinzelelo oluphakathi kunye neendawo ezilawulwayo, ngelixa i-bronze igqwesa kwi-high-stress-stress or corrosive setting. Ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kunye nexesha elide leevalve zokufika kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo.

Iindleko kunye nokuSebenza kweeValve zokuHlala

Uthelekiso lweendleko: Ubhedu vs. Ubhedu

Ubhedu kunye nobhedu zihluke kakhulu kwiindleko ngenxa yokwakheka kunye nokufumaneka kwazo. Ubhedu, oluqulunqwe ikakhulu ngobhedu kunye ne-zinc, luthande ukufikeleleka ngakumbi. Ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngokubanzi kwimibhobho yamanzi kunye nezicelo zemizi-mveliso kunegalelo kwixabiso layo eliphantsi. Ubhedu, oluqulethe ubhedu kunye ne-tin, luhlala luneendleko eziphezulu ngenxa yokunqongophala kwetoti kunye ne-alloys ekhethekileyo efunekayo kwizicelo ezithile.

Abavelisi bahlala bekhetha ubhedu kwiivalvu zokumisa xa iindleko ezifanelekileyo ziphambili. Ubhedu, ngelixa lubiza kakhulu, lunika amandla aphezulu kunye nokumelana nokubola, okwenza kube yinto ekhethwayo kwiindawo ezinoxinzelelo oluphezulu. Isigqibo phakathi kwezi zixhobo sixhomekeke ekulinganiseni imiqobo yohlahlo lwabiwo-mali kunye neemfuno zokusebenza.

UkuMachina kunye neNgqwalasela yokuVelisa

I-Machinability idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekumiseleni ukukhululeka kokuvelisa iivalve zokumisa. I-Brass ibonakalisa ubuchule obugqwesileyo ngenxa yobunzima bayo kunye nobunzima obuphantsi. Le propati ivumela abavelisi ukuba bavelise uyilo oluntsonkothileyo kunye nokunxitywa kwesixhobo esincinci. Ubhedu, ngelixa lomelele, lunika imiceli mngeni emikhulu ngexesha lomatshini ngenxa yobunzima bayo obuphezulu kunye namandla okuqina.

Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa imilinganiselo engundoqo yobuchule bobhedu kunye nealloyi zobhedu:

Uhlobo lwe-alloy	Amandla Okuqina (ksi)	Ukomelela kweSivuno (ksi)	Ubude (%)	Ukuqina (Brinell)	Ubuchule (YB)
Ubhedu Olubomvu	83	N / A	32	N / A	35
Ubhedu lweManganese	86	90	45	48	30
IBronzi yeTin	90	40	45	21	30

Amanqaku aphezulu obuchule beBrass ayenza ilungele usetyenziso olufuna ukuchaneka nokusebenza kakuhle. I-Bronze, nangona i-machinability yayo ephantsi, ihlala iyindlela efanelekileyo yokumisa iivalvu kwiindawo ezifunayo ngenxa yamandla ayo omatshini.

ULondolozo kunye neeNdleko zoMjikelo woBomi

Ugcino kunye neendleko zomjikelo wobomi zixhomekeke ekomeleleni kwezinto kunye nokuchasa ukunxiba. Ubhedu lufuna ukugcinwa okuncinci rhoqo kwiindawo ezilawulwayo, ukunciphisa iindleko zexesha elide. Nangona kunjalo, kwiimeko ezinobungozi okanye zoxinzelelo oluphezulu, ibronze inika ubomi obude obungcono, ilungisa iindleko zayo zokuqala kunye nokunciphisa ukuphindaphinda kokutshintshwa.

Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kwiivalve zokumisa kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngelixa kuncitshiswa iindleko ezipheleleyo. Abavelisi abafana neYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory babeka phambili phambiliizinto eziphathekayoukuhambisa izisombululo ezithembekileyo nezingabizi kakhulu kwizicelo ezahlukeneyo.

Izicelo kunye nokufaneleka kweeVavu zokuHlalisa

Iivalvu zokuHlaliswa kweBrass: Izicelo eziqhelekileyo

Iivalve zokumisa i-Brass zisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwiindawo apho uxinzelelo oluphakathi koomatshini kunye neemeko ezilawulwayo zilawula. Ukumelana ne-corrosion yabo egqwesileyo kunye nokonakala kwabo kubenza bafanelekele iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo ngaphakathi, njengezakhiwo zorhwebo, iindawo zokuhlala kunye neendawo zeeofisi. Ezi zivalo zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwiinkqubo apho ukuvezwa kweekhemikhali eziqatha okanye imozulu embi incinci.

Ukukhululeka kobhedu lwe-machining kuvumela abavelisi ukuba bavelise uyilo oluntsonkothileyo, okwenza kube lula kwiivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo kunye neevalvu ezithe ngqo. Ukongeza, iivalve zokumisa zobhedu zihlala zikhethwa ngenxa yesibheno sazo sobuhle, njengoko zigcina inkangeleko ekhazimlisiweyo ngokuhamba kwexesha. Le ndibaniselwano yokusebenza kunye nesibheno esibonakalayo yenza ubhedu lube lukhetho olukhethiweyo lwezicelo ezifuna zombini ukusebenza kunye nokuguquguquka koyilo.

Iivalvu zokuHlala ngeBronze: Izicelo eziqhelekileyo

Iivalvu zokumisa zeBronzi zigqwesa kwiindawo ezibango apho ukuqina kunye nokumelana nomhlwa kubaluleke kakhulu. Ukubunjwa kwabo okuqinileyo kubenza balungele iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo ngaphandle, izixhobo zoshishino kunye nezicelo zaselwandle. Ezi valves zimelana noxinzelelo oluphezulu lomatshini kwaye zixhathisa ukuguga, nakwiimeko ezinzima ezifana nokuvezwa kwamanzi etyuwa okanye ubushushu obugqithisileyo.

Amandla aphezulu eBronze kunye neempawu eziphantsi zokukhuhla zenza ukuba zilungele iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye nezicelo ezinzima. Umzekelo, iivalve zokumisa ubhedu ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokubeka iinqanawa, kumaqonga angaphesheya kweelwandle, nakwizityalo zemichiza. Ukukwazi kwabo ukunyamezela iimeko ezinzima kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwexesha elide kunye nokhuseleko kwiinkqubo ezibalulekileyo zokukhusela umlilo.

Ukukhetha umbandela oLungileyo kwiiMfuno eziZodwa

Ukukhetha imathiriyeli efanelekileyo aivalve yokumisakuxhomekeke kwiimfuno zesicelo kunye neemeko zokusingqongileyo. I-Brass lolona khetho lubalaseleyo kwindawo yangaphakathi okanye yoxinzelelo oluphantsi ngenxa yokufikeleleka kwayo, ukusetyenzwa kwayo, kunye nokumelana nomhlwa. Ngokwahlukileyo, i-bronze ifaneleka ngakumbi kwi-high-stress okanye i-corrosive setting, apho amandla kunye nokuqina kubaluleke kakhulu.

Abavelisi abafana neYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factoryzibonelela ngoluhlu lweevalvu zokumisa ezilungiselelwe usetyenziso olwahlukeneyo. Ukuqonda iimfuno ezithile zenkqubo yokukhusela umlilo kuqinisekisa ukukhethwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo kakhulu, ukuphucula ukusebenza kwevalve kunye nokuphila ixesha elide.

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Ubhedu kunye nobhedu ziyahluka ngokubunjwa, ukumelana nomhlwa, ukuqina, kunye neendleko. I-Brass inika ukufikeleleka kunye nokuguquguquka, ngelixa ubhedu bugqwesa ngamandla kunye nokomelela. Ukukhetha izinto ezifanelekileyo kuxhomekeke kwiimeko zokusingqongileyo kunye neemfuno zesicelo. Ukuqonda izinto eziphathekayo kuqinisekisa ukuba ii-valve zokumisa zisebenza ngokuthembekileyo kwaye zihlala ixesha elide kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo.

FAQ

Ziziphi izinto eziphambili ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe xa ukhetha phakathi kobhedu kunye neevalve zokumisa zobhedu?

Vavanya iimeko zokusingqongileyo, uxinzelelo lomatshini, kunye nohlahlo lwabiwo-mali. I-Brass ifanelana neendawo ezilawulwayo, ngelixa i-bronze igqwesa kwi-high-stress okanye i-corrosive setting.

Ukumelana nomhlwa kwahluka njani phakathi kobhedu kunye nobhedu?

Ubhedu luxhathisa ukubola kwiimeko eziphakathi. I-Bronze inikeza ukuchasana okuphezulu, ngakumbi kwiindawo zaselwandle okanye kwimizi-mveliso, ngenxa yokwakheka kwayo okuqinileyo.

Ngaba iivalvu zokumisa ngobhedu zibiza kakhulu kunebronze?

Ewe, ubhedu ngokuqhelekileyo lufikeleleka ngakumbi ngenxa yokwakheka kunye nokusebenza kwayo. Nangona kunjalo, ukuqina kobhedu kunokunciphisa iindleko zokubuyisela ixesha elide kwizicelo ezifunayo.