Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwamanzi kwiivalvu ezithe tye, iivalvu zekona yasekunene, kunye neevalvu zokukhupha umoya ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo zisebenza kakuhle ngexesha likaxakeka. Ziqinisekisa ukuba ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo ziyahlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko. Ngokutsho kwe-NFPA 25, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye novavanyo kuchonga imiba, kuthintela ukungaphumeleli, kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Iinkqubo ezithembekileyo zikhusela ubomi kunye nepropathi, okwenza uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lube yindlela yokhuseleko engenakuphikiswana ngayo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Ukuvavanya iivalvu ezithe tye kudla ngokunceda iinkqubo zomlilo zisebenze kakuhle kwiimeko ezingxamisekileyo.
• Sebenzisa izixhobo ezifana neemitha zokuhamba kwamanzi kunye neegeyiji zoxinzelelo ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo. Oku kuqinisekisaimithetho yokhuseleko iyalandelwa.
• Bhala phantsi iziphumo zovavanyo kunye nokugcinwa kwazojonga inkqubokwaye ufumane iingxaki kwangethuba.

Ukulungiselela kunye nokuseta

Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zovavanyo lweValve ethe Tye

Izixhobo ezifanelekileyo kunye nezixhobo zibalulekile ekuvavanyweni okuchanekileyo kweevalvu ezithe tye. Iingcali kufuneka ziqokelele zonke izinto ezifunekayo ngaphambi kokuba ziqalise inkqubo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle nokuchaneka. Izixhobo ezifunekayo ziquka:

• Iimitha zokuhamba kwamanzi zokulinganisa amanqanaba okuhamba kwamanzi.
• Iigeyiji zoxinzelelo zokujonga uxinzelelo lwenkqubo.
• Ii-wrenches kunye nee-screwdriver zokulungisa iivalvu.
• Izixhobo zokuzikhusela zomntu (PPE) ezifana neeglavu, iiglasi zeglasi, kunye neziphefumuli.
• Izixhobo zokurekhoda idatha okanye iincwadi zengxelo yolwazi ukuze kubhalwe iziphumo zovavanyo.

Imigangatho yoshishino efana ne-API 607 ​​kunye ne-API 6FA ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokukhetha izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokuvavanya iivalvu. Le migangatho iqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezisetyenzisiweyo ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokhuseleko kunye nokusebenza. Ukunamathela kwezi milinganiselo kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo kunye nokuthobela okulindelweyo yimithetho.

Ukuhlola iValve ethe Tye kunye neeCandelo zeNkqubo

Ngaphambi kokuba baqalise uvavanyo lokuhamba kwamanzi, iingcali kufuneka zihloleivalvu ethe tyekunye nezinto ezinxulumene noko zenkqubo. Eli nyathelo liqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kwaye lichonga imiba enokubakho enokuchaphazela iziphumo zovavanyo. Inkqubo yokuhlola ibandakanya le misebenzi ilandelayo:

Umsebenzi Wokuhlola	Inkcazo
Uhlolo lwangaphandle	Jonga umonakalo obonakalayo kwaye uqinisekise ukuba iivalvu zokulungisa zikwindawo efanelekileyo.
Igumbi eliPhakathi	Qinisekisa ukuba akukho kuvuza.
Uhlolo lwangaphakathi	Yenza uvavanyo lohambo rhoqo ngonyaka.
Izihluzi kunye neeFilters	Hlola rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ngaphandle kokuba kuboniswe ngenye indlela.

Ukongeza, iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise imeko yee-actuators zevalvu ezenziwe ngesandla kunye nee-pressure gauges. Ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke izinto ezincedisayo, ezinje ngee-solenoid valves kunye nee-pressure switches, zikhona kwaye ziyasebenza ngokulinganayo. La manyathelo ahambelana neenkqubo zoshishino ukugcina ukuthembeka kwenkqubo.

Ukuqinisekisa uKhuseleko kunye nokuThotyelwa kweMithetho Ngaphambi koVavanyo

Ukhuseleko kunye nokuthobela imithethozibaluleke kakhulu xa kuhlolwa ukuhamba kwamanzi kwiivalvu ezithe tye. Iingcali kufuneka zilandele izikhokelo ezimiselweyo zokuzikhusela kunye nabanye ngexesha lenkqubo. Imigangatho yokhuseleko ye-OSHA igxininisa ukubaluleka kovavanyo olufanelekileyo lokufaneleka kokuphefumla, oluquka:

• Ukukhetha imodeli yokuphefumla efanelekileyo.
• Ukubonelela ngemiyalelo yokufakela nokulungisa.
• Ukwenza uhlolo lokutywina komsebenzisi ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukulingana okukhuselekileyo.
• Ukuthintela ukuvavanywa ukuba iinwele zobuso ziyaphazamisana na nesitywini sokuphefumla.

Iingcali kufuneka zinxibe iiPPE, kuquka iiglavu kunye neeglasi zeglasi, ukuze kuncitshiswe ukuvezwa kwiingozi ezinokubakho. Ukulandela la manyathelo okhuseleko kuqinisekisa indawo ekhuselekileyo yokuvavanya kunye nokuthotyelwa kweemfuno zomthetho.

Inkqubo yoVavanyo lweNyathelo ngeNyathelo

Ukuvula iValve ethe Tye yoKuhamba koMzila kokuqala

Ukuvulaivalvu ethe tyelinyathelo lokuqala kwinkqubo yokuvavanya ukuhamba kwamanzi. Iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba ivalvu isebenza ngokupheleleyo kwaye ayinaziphazamiso ngaphambi kokuba uqhubeke. Qala ngokujika kancinci isiphatho sevalvu siye kwindawo yaso evulekileyo. Le ndlela ithatha kancinci ithintela ukunyuka koxinzelelo ngequbuliso okunokonakalisa inkqubo okanye kubangele ukufundwa okungachanekanga. Ukujonga ukuhamba kwamanzi kokuqala kunceda ekuchongeni naziphi na iziphazamiso, ezifana nokuvaleka okanye ukuvuza, okunokufuna ingqalelo ngokukhawuleza.

Ngeli nyathelo, iingcali kufuneka zijonge inkquboekhupha ifutheukuqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo luhlala ngaphakathi koluhlu olulindelekileyo. Ukuba uxinzelelo luyaphambuka kakhulu, kunokubonisa ukungasebenzi kakuhle kwevalvu okanye ezinye izinto zenkqubo. Ukujongana nale micimbi kwangethuba kuqinisekisa ukuchaneka kokulinganisa okulandelayo.

Ingcebiso:Nxiba izixhobo zokuzikhusela ezifanelekileyo (PPE) rhoqo xa uphatha iivalvu ezithe tye ukuze unciphise ukuvezwa kwiingozi ezinokubakho.

Ukulinganisa Izinga lokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo ngokuchanekileyo

Ukulinganisa ngokuchanekileyo isantya sokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo kubalulekile ekuvavanyeni ukusebenza kwevalvu ethe tye. Iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo ezilinganisiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukuchaneka. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza izixhobo ezisetyenziswa rhoqo kunye noluhlu lwazo lokuchaneka:

Uhlobo lweSixhobo	Uluhlu lokuchaneka	Indlela yoLungiso
Uvavanyo lwe-Deadweight	Ukuchaneka kwe-99.9%	Isebenzisa umlinganiselo wobunzima obuphambili ngokusekelwe kwidatha ye-NBS; ilungele uvavanyo lwelabhoratri.
Isivavanyeli sokulinganisa esiphathekayo	Impazamo ephakathi kwe-0.25% ukuya kwi-0.5%	Isebenzisa igeyiji yokuvavanya endaweni yobunzima; ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa kwintsimi.
I-Downhole Gauge (Abazalwana beBhola)	Ukuchaneka kwe-0.2%	Idatha yeTelemeters kwitshathi/kwirekhoda; ukuchaneka okuchatshazelwa yindlela yokudlulisa idatha.
IiRekhoda ze-elektroniki	Ukuchaneka kwe-1.0%	Ilinganisa ukuphambuka kwetyhubhu yeBourdon ngoomatshini; ifanelekile ukusetyenziswa koxinzelelo oluphezulu.
Itanki yeProver yeVolumetric	N / A	Ilinganisa ukuhamba kolwelo ngexesha elifanelekileyo ukuya kwitanki ephawulwe ngokuchanekileyo; ayichaphazeleki kukuxinana kolwelo.
Iiprovers zePiston/Ball	N / A	Isusa umthamo othile wolwelo owaziwayo; ivelisa iipulses zombane ukuze zilinganiswe ngokuchanekileyo.

Iimitha zokuhamba kwamanzi, ezifana neetyhubhu zeVenturi okanye iimitha ze-ultrasonic, nazo zibalulekile ekulinganiseni ukuhamba kwamanzi. Ukulinganiswa rhoqo kwezi zixhobo kuqinisekisa iziphumo ezithembekileyo. Umzekelo, iityhubhu zeVenturi zifuna ukuhlolwa rhoqo kusetyenziswa ii-manometer ukuqinisekisa ukufundwa koxinzelelo. Iimitha ze-Ultrasonic zinokufuna ukuhlaziywa kwakhona kwe-elektroniki ukuze kujongwe utshintsho lwangaphakathi olubangelwa kukugqwala okanye ukubekwa.

Iingcali zobugcisa kufuneka zirekhode zonke izilinganiso kwincwadi yeziganeko okanye kwisixhobo sedijithali ukuze zihlalutywe kamva. Amaxwebhu ahambelanayo anceda ukulandelela ukusebenza kwenkqubo ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye aqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino.

Ukulungisa nokuphinda-phinda iziphumo ezihambelanayo

Ukufikelela kwiziphumo ezihambelanayo kudla ngokufuna uhlengahlengiso kwizicwangciso zevalvu. Iingcali kufuneka zenze utshintsho oluthe ngcembe kwindawo yevalvu ngelixa zijonga isantya sokuhamba kunye noxinzelelo. Le nkqubo iphindaphindayo iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isebenza ngaphakathi koluhlu lwayo olufanelekileyo. Ezi ndlela zilandelayo zibalaseleyo zixhasa iziphumo ezihambelanayo:

• Lungisa izixhobo zovavanyo rhoqo ukuze kugcinwe ukuchaneka.
• Qinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo ngaphambi kovavanyo ngalunye.
• Coca kwaye uhlole izixhobo ukuze uthintele iimpazamo zokulinganisa.

Ukuba kukho ukungangqinelani okuqhubekayo, iingcali kufuneka ziphinde zijonge ivalvu ethe tye kunye nezinto ezinxulumene nayo ukuze zibone iingxaki ezinokubakho. Umzekelo, izitywino ezigugileyo okanye ukwakheka kwenkunkuma kunokuchaphazela ukusebenza kwevalvu. Ukujongana nezi ngxaki ngokukhawuleza kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isebenza njengoko bekucetyiwe.

Phawula:Ukungaguquguquki kweenkqubo zokuvavanya akupheleli nje ekuphuculeni ukuthembeka kodwa kukwaphucula ukhuseleko ngokuchonga ukusilela kwenkqubo kwangethuba.

Izenzo Zasemva Kovavanyo

Ukurekhoda nokuHlalutya idatha yovavanyo

Ukurekhoda nokuhlalutya idatha yovavanyo kuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokukhusela umlilo. Iingcali kufuneka zibhale phantsi amazinga okuhamba, ukufundwa koxinzelelo, kunye nokusebenza kwevalvu ngexesha lovavanyo. Le datha isebenza njengesalathiso sokuchonga iindlela kunye nemiba ephindaphindayo. Iimfuno zolondolozo zihlala zisanda njengoko iinkqubo zikhula, okwenza amaxwebhu aneenkcukacha emva kovavanyo abe yimfuneko. Ukungawunaki lo nyathelo kunokukhokelela ekusileleni kwenkqubo, njengoko kutyhilwe kwi-postmortems zeenkqubo ezingasebenziyo.

Iindlela ezisemgangathweni zohlalutyo lwedatha ziphucula ukuchaneka kunye nokuhambelana. Iiprojekthi ezifana neFlowCAP zibonisa ukubaluleka kohlalutyo lwedatha oluzenzekelayo ngokuluthelekisa novavanyo oluchwephesha olusebenzisa izandla. Ezi ndlela ziqinisekisa imfuneko yokurekhoda ngokuchanekileyo kunye nokutolikwa kweziphumo zovavanyo lokuhamba. Iingcali kufuneka zisebenzise izixhobo zedijithali okanye iincwadi zengxelo ukugcina iirekhodi ezicwangcisiweyo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yoshishino.

Ukubuyisela Inkqubo kwiLungelo lokuSebenza

Ukubuyisela iinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo zilungele ukusebenza kubandakanya imisebenzi eliqela yokulungisa. Iingcali kufuneka ziqinisekise ukuba zonke izinto zisebenza ngokuchanekileyo emva kovavanyo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo ichaza iiprotokholi ezicetyiswayo ezisekelwe kwimigangatho ye-NFPA 25:

Umsebenzi Wokulungisa	Izihlandlo	Isalathiso esivela kwi-NFPA 25
Vavanya izixhobo zesignali zolawulo	Ngonyaka	13.2.8.2
Sebenzisa iivalvu zolawulo kuluhlu olupheleleyo	Ngonyaka	13.3.3.1
Utshintsho lokulawula ivalvu yokulawula uvavanyo	Isiqingatha sonyaka	13.3.3.3.5.1
Uvavanyo lokuhamba komoya oluthintela ukubuya kwamanzi	Ngonyaka	13.7.2.1
Uvavanyo lwe-hydrostatic lwemibhobho	Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5	6.3.2.1

Iingcali kufuneka zihlole iivalvu zokulawula, zicoce izinto zenkqubo, kwaye zilungise izixhobo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle. La manyathelo abuyisela inkqubo kwimeko yayo yokuqala, ilungele ukusabela ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha leengxamiseko.

Ukucwangcisa uvavanyo lokuhamba rhoqo kweevalvu ezithe tye

Uvavanyo lokuhamba rhoqo kweevalvu ezithe tye lubalulekile ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Iindlela ezilungileyo zoshishino zicebisa la maqhinga alandelayo:

1. Yenza uhlolo rhoqo ukuze ubone umonakalo okanye ukuguguleka.
2. Sebenzisa iindlela zokucoca ukuthintela ukuqokelelwa kwenkunkuma.
3. Buyisela ii-diaphragms ngokusekelwe kwiimeko zokusebenza kunye nezikhokelo zomenzi.
4. Linganisa iindlela ezizenzekelayo zokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi ngokuchanekileyo.
5. Gcina iirekhodi ezineenkcukacha zemisebenzi yokulungisa kunye nokuhlolwa.

Ezi zicwangciso ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuqhubekekayo kwaye zandisa ubomi beevalvu ezithe tye. Ukucwangcisa uvavanyo rhoqo kunceda iingcali ukuba zibone iingxaki kwangethuba, kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusilela kwenkqubo. IYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory igxininisa ukubaluleka kokugcinwa kwangaphambili ukuze kukhuselwe ubomi kunye nepropathi.

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Uvavanyo lokuhamba kwamanzi ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokukhusela umlilo. Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo luqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko kwaye luchonga iingxaki ezinokubakho kwangethuba. Amanyathelo aphambili aquka ukuhlola iivalvu, ukulinganisa amazinga okuhamba kwamanzi, kunye nokubuyisela iinkqubo. Le theyibhile ilandelayo igxininisa amaxesha okuvavanya acetyiswa yimigangatho yoshishino:

Umgangatho	Uvavanyo oluphindaphindwayo
AWWA	Rhoqo emva kweminyaka eli-10
I-NFPA	Rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5

Uvavanyo oluqhelekileyo lukhusela ubomi kunye nempahla ngokufanelekileyo.

FAQ

Ingakanani i-frequency ecetyiswayo yokuvavanya ukuhamba kweevalvu ezithe tye?

Imigangatho yeshishini icebisa ukuba kuvavanywe iivalvu ezithe tye rhoqo emva kweminyaka emi-5 ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuba ziyathotyelwa. Nangona kunjalo, iYuyao World Fire Fighting Equipment Factory icebisa ukuba kuvavanywe rhoqo ngokusekelwe kwindlela esetyenziswa ngayo inkqubo kunye neemeko.

Kutheni kubalulekile ukulinganisa izinga lokuhamba kwamanzi ngokuchanekileyo?

Ukulinganiswa ngokuchanekileyo kwesantya sokuhamba kwamanziiqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yokukhusela umlilo inika amanzi aneleyo ngexesha likaxakeka. Ikwanceda ekuchongeni iingxaki ezinokubakho, ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemigangatho yokhuseleko.

Ngaba iingcali zingenza uvavanyo lokuhamba kwamanzi ngaphandle kwezixhobo ezikhethekileyo?

Hayi, iingcali zifuna izixhobo ezilinganisiweyo ezifana nee-flow meter kunye nee-pressure gauges. Ezi zixhobo ziqinisekisa imilinganiselo echanekileyo, ebalulekileyo ekugcineni ukusebenza kwenkqubo kunye nokuthobela ukhuseleko.