Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo, ezibizwa ngokuba ziivalvu zePRV, zizinto ezibalulekileyo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ezi valve zenzelwe ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhambelanayo, olubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokuthobela ukhuseleko lomlilo. Ngokutsho kophando olwenziwe yiLos Angeles City Fire Department, ngaphezulu kwe-75% yeevalvu ezingama-413 ezivavanyiweyo ezilawula uxinzelelo zifuna ukulungiswa kwakhona, nto leyo egxininisa ukubaluleka kwazo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Ngaphezu koko, iNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) inyanzelisa imigaqo yovavanyo olungqongqo kwezi valve ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha likaxakeka. Izisombululo ezinokuthenjwa, ezifanaiivalvu ezithintela uxinzelelokunye nezixhobo zokufaka iivalvu zamazwe ngamazwe ze-hydrant valve, zibalulekile ekukhuseleni ubomi kunye nempahla kwiimeko ezinxulumene nomlilo.

Izinto ezibalulekileyo ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe

• Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo (ii-PRV)gcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi luzinzile kwiinkqubo zomlilo. Oku kuzinceda zisebenze kakuhle ngamaxesha kaxakeka.
• Ukujonga nokulungisa ii-PRVIhlala ibaluleke kakhulu. Ifumana iingxaki kwangethuba, inqande ukungaphumeleli, kwaye igcina abantu bekhuselekile.
• Izakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding zifuna ii-PRV ukuze zihlangabezane nemithetho yomlilo. Zisindisa ubomi kwaye zikhusela izakhiwo kwiingozi zomlilo.

Indima yeeValvu eziLawula uxinzelelo ekucinezeleni umlilo

Yintoni iValve eLawula uxinzelelo?

Ivalvu elawula uxinzelelo sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esenzelwe ukulawula nokugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi luhlala luhleli kwinkqubo. Iqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo luhlala lukwimida ekhuselekileyo nesebenzayo, nokuba kukho ukuguquguquka kokunikezelwa kwamanzi. Ezi valve zibalulekile kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo, apho uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo lubalulekile ekusebenzeni kakuhle ngexesha leengxakeko.

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ziza kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo, nganye ilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Umzekelo, imodeli ye-90-01 inoyilo olupheleleyo lwezibuko olugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olusezantsi, okwenza ukuba lube lufanelekile kwiinkqubo ezihamba ngokukhawuleza. Kwelinye icala, imodeli ye-690-01, enoyilo lwayo lwezibuko oluncitshisiweyo, inikezela ngokusebenza okufanayo kodwa ilungele ngcono iinkqubo ezifuna amazinga aphantsi okuhamba kwamanzi. Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa ezi nkcukacha zobugcisa:

Imodeli	Inkcazo
90-01	Inguqulelo epheleleyo ye-port yevalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, eyenzelwe ukugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo olusezantsi.
690-01	Inguqulelo ye-port encitshisiweyo yevalvu yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ikwagcina uxinzelelo olusezantsi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ezi valve zibaluleke kakhulu ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

Indlela Iivalvu Ezilawula Uxinzelelo Ezisebenza Ngayo Kwiinkqubo Zokucinezela Umlilo

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyoiinkqubo zokucima umlilongokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo. Xa inkqubo yokucima umlilo isebenza, ivalvu ilungisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuze ihambelane neemfuno zenkqubo. Olu hlengahlengiso luthintela ucinezelo olugqithisileyo, olunokonakalisa inkqubo okanye lunciphise ukusebenza kwayo.

Ivalvu isebenza ngokusebenzisa iindlela ezahlukeneyo zangaphakathi, kuquka i-diaphragm kunye ne-spring. Xa amanzi engena kwi-valve, i-diaphragm iyaziva inqanaba loxinzelelo. Ukuba uxinzelelo ludlula umda obekiweyo, i-spring iyacinezela, inciphise isantya sokuhamba kwaye ibuyisele uxinzelelo kwinqanaba elifunekayo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihambisa amanzi ngoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo lokucima umlilo.

Ngokugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi luhlala luhleli, iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ziphucula ukuthembeka nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo. Ziqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zesakhiwo, kwanakwiindawo eziphakamileyo okanye ezikude nomthombo wamanzi. Olu buchule lubaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding, apho ukucima umlilo ngokukhawuleza nangokusebenzayo kunokuthintela umonakalo omkhulu.

Iingozi zoMlilo kwiiNkqubo zokuGqiba ze-ACM kunye nokubaluleka kwee-PRV

Ukuqonda iingozi zomlilo kwi-ACM Cladding

Iinkqubo zokugquma zeAluminiyam Composite Material (ACM) zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu womlilo ngenxa yokwakheka kwazo. Iiphaneli ezinee-polyethylene (PE) cores, ingakumbi ezo zine-PE ephantsi (LDPE), ziyatsha kakhulu. Uphando lukaMcKenna et al. lutyhile ukuba ii-LDPE cores zibonisa amazinga aphezulu okukhululwa kobushushu (pHRR) ukuya kuthi ga kuma-55 aphezulu kuneephaneli ze-ACM ezikhuselekileyo, ezifikelela kwi-1364 kW/m². Eli nani liyoyikisayo libonisa ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza komlilo kwizakhiwo ezinee-cladding ezinjalo. Ukongeza, uphando lurekhode ukukhululwa kobushushu okupheleleyo (THR) kwe-107 MJ/m² kwii-LDPE cores, nto leyo egxininisa ngakumbi amandla azo okuphembelela imililo emikhulu.

Uvavanyo oluphakathi olwenziwe nguGuillame et al. lubonise ukuba iiphaneli ze-ACM ezinee-PE cores zikhupha ubushushu ngamanani aphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto. Lo mahluko uvela kumxholo ophezulu we-polymer kwii-PE cores, nto leyo ekhawulezisa ukutsha. Ngokufanayo, iSrivastava, iNakrani, kunye neGhoroi zibike i-pHRR engama-351 kW/m² kwiisampuli ze-ACM PE, nto leyo egxininisa ukutsha kwazo. Ezi ziphumo zibonisa ngokudibeneyo umngcipheko ophezulu womlilo onxulunyaniswa neenkqubo ze-ACM cladding, ngakumbi ezo ziqulethe ii-PE cores.

Izakhiwo ezine-ACM coverage zijongene nemingeni eyahlukileyo ngexesha leengxamiseko zomlilo. Ukukhululwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusasazeka kwamalangatye kunokuphazamisa iindlela zokuphuma kwaye kuthintele imizamo yokulwa nomlilo.iinkqubo zokucima umlilo, zixhotyiswe ngezinto ezithembekileyo ezifana neevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo, zibalulekile ekunciphiseni ezi ngozi nokukhusela ubomi.

Indlela iiValvu eziLawula uxinzelelo ezinciphisa ngayo iingozi zomlilo kwiinkqubo zokugquma ze-ACM

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelozidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi zomlilo kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ezi valve ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhlala luhleli kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucima umlilo, nto leyo evumela ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding, apho imililo inokwanda ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni amadangatye nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.

Xa inkqubo yokucima umlilo isebenza, ivalvu elawula uxinzelelo ilungisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo. Olu hlengahlengiso luthintela ucinezelo olugqithisileyo, olunokonakalisa inkqubo okanye lunciphise ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuhambisa amanzi ngoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, ivalvu iqinisekisa ukuba ii-sprinkler kunye neepayipi zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo, nokuba zikwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiindawo ezikude nomthombo wamanzi.

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zikwaphucula ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo kwizakhiwo ezigqunywe yi-ACM. Ukukwazi kwazo ukugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo, kuquka nezo zikwiindawo eziphakamileyo. Olu buchule lubalulekile ekulweni nemililo ebangelwa zii-cores ezivuthayo zeepaneli ze-ACM. Ngokunciphisa iingozi ezinxulumene nokukhululwa kobushushu ngokukhawuleza kunye nokusasazeka komlilo, ezi valve zinegalelo kwiindawo zokwakha ezikhuselekileyo.

Ngaphezu koko, iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zinceda izakhiwo ukuba zihambelane nemigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo. Imibutho elawulayo idla ngokuyalela ukusetyenziswa kwezi valve kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza rhoqo ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukuphunyezwa kwazo akugcini nje ngokukhusela ubomi kodwa kukwakhusela nepropathi kumonakalo omkhulu womlilo.

Ingcebiso:Ukufaka iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo yindlela yokuthintela umlilo enciphisa kakhulu iingozi zomlilo kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa kuphucula ukusebenza kwazo, kuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle xa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Iingenelo zeeValve eziLawula uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo ze-ACM Cladding

Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhlala luhleli ngexesha leengxamiseko

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhlala luhleli ngexesha leengxakeko zomlilo, into ebalulekileyo ekucinyweni komlilo ngempumelelo. Ezi valve zilungisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze kuhambelane neemfuno zenkqubo, zithintele ukuguquguquka okunokuphazamisa ukusebenza. Kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding, apho umlilo unokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo kuqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo, kuquka iindawo eziphakamileyo okanye iindawo ezikude.

Ngokuhambisa amanzi ngoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, ezi valves ziphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwee-sprinkler kunye neepayipi, zivumela abacimi-mlilo ukuba balawule amalangatye ngempumelelo. Indima yabo ibaluleka ngakumbi kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, apho utshintsho loxinzelelo olubangelwa ngumxhuzulane lunokuthintela imizamo yokulwa nomlilo. Ulawulo loxinzelelo oluthembekileyo luqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza kakuhle, zikhusela ubomi kunye nempahla ngexesha leengxamiseko.

Ukuthintela Uxinzelelo Olugqithisileyo kunye Nokuphucula Ukuthembeka Kwenkqubo

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zithintela ucinezelo olugqithisileyo, nto leyo enokwenzakalisa iinkqubo zokucima umlilo kwaye inciphise ukuthembeka kwazo. Izifundo zembali kunye nedatha yasentsimini zibonisa ukusebenza kwazo:

• Izifundo zasentsimini zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokungaphumeleli eliyi-0.4% kuphela ngonyaka kwixesha lokuhlolwa leenyanga ezingama-30, kunye nenqanaba lokuzithemba elingama-95%.
• Uhlalutyo lokubuyela umva lubonisa ukuba ezi valves zithembeke ngakumbi ngokuhamba kwexesha, nto leyo egxininisa ukuqina kwazo kunye nokukwazi kwazo ukuthintela.

Ngokugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ezi valve zinciphisa ukuguguleka kwezixhobo zenkqubo, zandisa ubomi bazo kwaye ziqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo. Amandla azo okuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo anciphisa nomngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo ngexesha elibalulekileyo, okwandisa ukuthembeka ngokubanzi.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yoKhuseleko loMlilo

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni izakhiwo ukuba zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Imibutho elawulayo efana neNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) iyalela ukuba zisetyenziswe kuiinkqubo zokucima umliloukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba rhoqo.

Ubungqina	Inkcazo
Ukuthobela i-NFPA 20	Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zibalulekile ekugcineni uxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba okufunekayo kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo, njengoko kuchaziwe kwimigangatho ye-NFPA 20.
Imfuneko yeSixhobo soKhuseleko	I-NFPA 20 iyalela ukuba kufakwe iiValve zoNcedo loKhuseleko ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo.

Ukongeza, iinkonzo zovavanyo kunye neziqinisekiso zezi valve zilandela imigangatho yokufakelwa kwe-NFPA, ziqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Isiganeko somlilo sika-1991 e-One Meridian Plaza sagxininisa ukubaluleka kokubeka ii valve zokunciphisa uxinzelelo ngokufanelekileyo ekugcineni uxinzelelo olufanelekileyo kwimizamo yokulwa nomlilo. Ngokulandela le migangatho, ii valve zokulawula uxinzelelo azigcini nje ngokuphucula ukhuseleko kodwa zikhusela nezakhiwo kwimiphumo yezomthetho neyezemali enxulumene nokungathobeli.

Ukugcinwa kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yeevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo

Ukubaluleka koHlolo oluQhelekileyo kunye noLondolozo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwaIivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zibalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwazo. Ukungazinaki ezi zinto zibalulekileyo kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo emibi, kubandakanya ukusilela kwezixhobo kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Umzekelo:

• Ivalvu engasebenzi kakuhle ngexesha lokuhlolwa ibangele ukuvuza kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi, nto leyo ebeka abasebenzi esichengeni sezinto ezinobungozi kwaye yabangela iingxaki zempilo ezinzulu.
• Abasebenzisi bezixhobo ezizodwa kufuneka babeke phambili ukusombulula iingxaki, ukulungisa, kunye nokuhlola iivalvu zokhuseleko ukuthintela iingozi.

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunceda ekuchongeni ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, okanye ukuvuza okunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kube ziingxaki ezinkulu. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina ezi valves ziquka:

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenza	Inkcazo
Uhlolo oluQhelekileyo	Chonga ukuguguleka, ukugqwala, okanye ukuvuza ngokujonga rhoqo.
Ukulinganisa	Gcina indawo echanekileyo ngokulinganisa ivalvu rhoqo.
Ukucoca kunye nokuthambisa	Coca kwaye uthambise iindawo ezihambayo ngokweengcebiso zomenzi.
Ukutshintshwa kweenxalenye ezigugileyo	Buyisela izinto ezonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ngokulandela le mithetho, abaphathi bezakhiwo banokwandisa ubomi beevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kwaye baphucule ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweenkqubo zokucima umlilo.

Ukunamathela kwiMimiselo yoKhuseleko loMlilo kwiiNkqubo zokuGqibela ze-ACM

Ukuthobela imithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo kubalulekile kwizakhiwo ezineenkqubo zokugquma ze-ACM. Imibutho elawulayo iyalela ukusetyenziswaiivalvu ezilawula uxinzeleloukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhlala luhleli ngexesha leengxakeko. Ukulandela izikhokelo ezimiselweyo kunciphisa iingozi kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo xa ifuneka kakhulu.

Iincwadana zobugcisa zichaza iindlela ezininzi ezilungileyo zokuthobela imithetho:

Eyona ndlela ilungileyo yokusebenza	Inkcazo
Iimfuneko zoxinzelelo ezichanekileyo	Gcina uxinzelelo oluphantsi oluphezulu njengoko kuchaziwe ngabavelisi.
Uqhelaniso olufanelekileyo	Faka iivalvu ngokuchanekileyo ukuze uphephe iingxaki zokusebenza.
Ukufakela ngokukhuselekileyo	Nciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo loomatshini ngokufaka isixhobo ngokuqinileyo.
Izihluzi kunye neeFilters	Faka umsinga ongasentla ukuze uthintele ukonakala kwenkunkuma kwaye ugcine ukuhamba kwamanzi.

Ukongeza ekufakeni, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokusebenza ngokhuseleko kubalulekile. La manyathelo awakhuseli nje kuphela ubomi kunye nempahla kodwa anceda ekuphepheni iziphumo zomthetho nezemali ezinxulumene nokungathobeli. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kufuneka bahlale belumkile ekuphumezeni le migangatho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabahlali kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo.

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Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zisebenza njengecandelo elibalulekileyo kukhuseleko lomlilo kwiinkqubo zokugquma ze-ACM. Zigcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi luhlala luhleli, ziqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka. Indima yazo ekunciphiseni iingozi zomlilo kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokhuseleko engqongqo ayinakugqithiswa. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kufuneka babeke phambili ukufakwa kwazo kunye nokugcinwa kwazo ukuze kukhuselwe ubomi kunye nepropathi.

FAQ

Ingakanani ixesha lokuphila kwevalvu elawula uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo?

Ixesha lobude bevalvu elawula uxinzelelo lixhomekeke ekusetyenzisweni nasekugcinweni kwayo. Ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokunakekelwa ngokufanelekileyo, ezi valve zinokuhlala iminyaka eli-10-15 nangaphezulu.

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kufuneka zihlolwe kangaphi?

Iingcali zicebisa ukuba kuhlolwe iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo minyaka le.Uhlolo oluqhelekileyonceda ekuchongeni ukuguguleka, ukubola, okanye ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha leengxakeko zomlilo.

Ngaba iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo ziyimfuneko kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding?

Ewe, uninzi lwemithetho yokhuseleko lomlilo ifuna iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ezi valve ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguquguqukiyo, ziphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokucima umlilo.

Phawula:Soloko ujonga iikhowudi kunye nemigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo yendawo ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ezithile zeevalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo.