Iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo, ezidla ngokubizwa ngokuba zii-PRV valves, zizinto eziyimfuneko kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo, ngakumbi kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM ezigqunywe ngokugquma. Ezi zivalo zenzelwe ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo, olubalulekileyo ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kakuhle kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho yokuthotyelwa kokhuseleko lomlilo. Ngokophononongo olwenziwa liSebe lezoMlilo leSixeko saseLos Angeles, ngaphezu kwe-75% ye-413 evavanyiweyo yokulawula uxinzelelo lwe-valve efuna ukulungiswa kwakhona okanye ukulungiswa, kugxininisa ukubaluleka kwabo okubalulekileyo ekugcineni ukuthembeka kwenkqubo. Ngaphaya koko, iNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) inyanzelisa iiprothokholi zovavanyo olungqongqo kwezi zivalo ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukhuseleko ngexesha likaxakeka. Izisombululo ezithembekileyo, ezifanaiivalvu zokuthintela uxinzelelokunye nezifakelo zevalve ye-hydrant international, zibalulekile ekukhuseleni ubomi kunye nepropathi kwiziganeko ezinxulumene nomlilo.

Izinto eziphambili zokuThatha

• Iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo (PRVs)gcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi luzinzile kwiinkqubo zomlilo. Oku kubanceda basebenze kakuhle ngexesha likaxakeka.
• Ukujonga kunye nokulungisa ii-PRVsihlala ibaluleke kakhulu. Ifumana iingxaki kwangethuba, iyeke ukusilela, kwaye igcina abantu bekhuselekile.
• Izakhiwo ezine-ACM yokugquma zifuna ii-PRV ukuhlangabezana nemithetho yomlilo. Zisindisa ubomi kwaye zikhusela izakhiwo kwiingozi zomlilo.

Indima yoxinzelelo oluLawula iiValufa ekuNciphisweni koMlilo

Yintoni iValufa yokuLawula uxinzelelo?

Ivalve yokulawula uxinzelelo sisixhobo esikhethekileyo esenzelwe ukulawula nokugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo ngaphakathi kwenkqubo. Iqinisekisa ukuba uxinzelelo luhlala luphakathi kwemida ekhuselekileyo kunye nokusebenza, kungakhathaliseki ukuguquguquka kunikezelo lwamanzi. Ezi zivalo zibaluleke kakhulu kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo, apho uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluzinzile luyimfuneko ekusebenzeni okusebenzayo ngexesha likaxakeka.

Iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo ziza kwiimodeli ezahlukeneyo, nganye ilungiselelwe usetyenziso oluthile. Umzekelo, imodeli ye-90-01 ibonakalisa uyilo olupheleleyo lwezibuko olugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo olusezantsi, luyenza ilungele iinkqubo ezihamba phambili. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, imodeli ye-690-01, kunye noyilo oluncitshisiweyo lwe-port, inika umsebenzi ofanayo kodwa ifaneleka ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezifuna amazinga okuhamba okuphantsi. Itheyibhile engezantsi igxininisa ezi nkcukacha zobugcisa:

Umzekelo	Inkcazo
90-01	Uguqulelo olupheleleyo lwezibuko levalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, eyenzelwe ukugcina uxinzelelo olusezantsi lomlambo.
690-01	Inguqulelo yezibuko encitshisiweyo yevalve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo, ikwagcina uxinzelelo olusezantsi ngokufanelekileyo.

Ezi zivalo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo phantsi kweemeko ezahlukeneyo.

IiValve eziLawula uxinzelelo zisebenza njani kwiiNkqubo zokuNcisa uMlilo

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyoiinkqubo zokucima umlilongokulawula ukuhamba kwamanzi kunye noxinzelelo. Xa inkqubo yokucima umlilo isebenza, ivalve ilungisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuze luhambelane neemfuno zenkqubo. Olu hlengahlengiso luthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, olungonakalisa inkqubo okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo.

Ivalve isebenza ngokudityaniswa kweendlela zangaphakathi, kubandakanywa i-diaphragm kunye nentwasahlobo. Xa amanzi engena kwivalve, i-diaphragm iva inqanaba loxinzelelo. Ukuba uxinzelelo ludlula umda omiselweyo, i-spring compresses, ukunciphisa izinga lokuhamba kunye nokubuyisela uxinzelelo kwinqanaba elifunwayo. Le nkqubo iqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo ihambisa amanzi ngokona xinzelelo lufanelekileyo lokucima imililo.

Ngokugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo, iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo zonyusa ukuthembeka kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo. Baqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo zesakhiwo, kwanaleyo ikwiindawo eziphakamileyo okanye ezithe qelele kumthombo wamanzi. Esi sikhundla sibaluleke kakhulu kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM yokugquma, apho ukucinywa komlilo okukhawulezayo nokusebenzayo kunokuthintela umonakalo oyintlekele.

Iingozi zomlilo kwii-ACM Cladding Systems kunye nokubaluleka kwee-PRVs

Ukuqonda iiNgozi zoMlilo kwi-ACM Cladding

Iinkqubo zokugquma i-Aluminium Composite Material (ACM) zenza ingozi enkulu yomlilo ngenxa yokubunjwa kwazo. Iipaneli ezine-polyethylene (PE) cores, ngakumbi ezo zine-PE (LDPE) ephantsi, zivutha kakhulu. Uphando nguMcKenna et al. idize ukuba ii-cores ze-LDPE zibonisa amazinga okukhutshwa kobushushu obuphezulu (pHRR) ukuya kutsho kumaxesha angama-55 aphezulu kuneephaneli ze-ACM ezikhuselekileyo, ezifikelela kwi-1364 kW/m². Lo mfanekiso wothusayo ubonisa ukusasazeka ngokukhawuleza komlilo kwizakhiwo ezinezigqubuthelo ezinjalo. Ukongeza, uphononongo lurekhode ukukhutshwa kobushushu bubonke (THR) be-107 MJ/m² kwiicores ze-LDPE, ngakumbi kugxininiswa amandla abo okutshisa imililo emikhulu.

Uvavanyo oluphakathi oluqhutywa nguGuillame et al. ibonise ukuba iiphaneli ze-ACM ezine-PE cores zikhupha ubushushu kumazinga aphezulu kakhulu xa kuthelekiswa nezinye izinto. Lo mahluko uvela kumxholo ophezulu wepolymer kwi-PE cores, ekhawulezisa ukutsha. Ngokufanayo, iSrivastava, iNakrani, kunye neGhoroi banike ingxelo nge-pHRR ye-351 kW/m² kwiisampulu ze-ACM PE, igxininisa ukutsha kwazo. Ezi ziphumo ngokudibeneyo zibonisa imingcipheko yomlilo eyandisiweyo eyayanyaniswa neenkqubo zokugquma i-ACM, ngakumbi ezo ziqulathe ii-cores ze-PE.

Izakhiwo ezine-ACM yokugquma zijongene nemingeni ekhethekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka lomlilo. Ukukhutshwa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kunye nokusasazeka kwamadangatye kunokuphazamisa iindlela zokuphuma kwaye kuthintele iinzame zokucima umlilo. Isebenzaiinkqubo zokucima umlilo, zixhotyiswe ngamacandelo athembekileyo afana neevalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo, zibalulekile ukunciphisa le ngozi kunye nokukhusela ubomi.

Njani iiValufa eziLawulwa ngoxinzelelo loMlilo eziNciphisa iiNgozi zoMlilo kwiiNkqubo zoCwangciso ze-ACM

Iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelodlala indima ebalulekileyo ekunciphiseni iingozi zomlilo kwizakhiwo ezineentsimbi zeACM. Ezi zivalo ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo kuyo yonke inkqubo yokucima umlilo, eyenza ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi ngokufanelekileyo kwiindawo ezichaphazelekayo. Kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding, apho imililo inokunyuka ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi olufanelekileyo kubalulekile ekulawuleni amadangatye kunye nokuthintela umonakalo ongakumbi.

Xa inkqubo yokucima umlilo isebenza, ivalve elawula uxinzelelo ilungelelanisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuhlangabezana neemfuno zenkqubo. Olu hlengahlengiso luthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo, olungonakalisa inkqubo okanye ukunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo. Ngokuhambisa amanzi ngoxinzelelo oluchanekileyo, i-valve iqinisekisa ukuba i-sprinklers kunye ne-hoses isebenza ngokufanelekileyo, nakwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo okanye kwiindawo ezikude nomthombo wamanzi.

Iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo nazo ziphakamisa ukuthembeka kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo kwizakhiwo ze-ACM-clad. Ukukwazi kwabo ukugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzileyo luqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo, kubandakanywa nezo ziphakamileyo. Esi sixhobo sibalulekile ekulweni imililo ephenjelelwa ziindawo ezitshayo zeephaneli ze-ACM. Ngokunciphisa imingcipheko eyayanyaniswa nokukhutshwa kobushushu okukhawulezayo kunye nokusasazeka komlilo, ezi zivalo zinegalelo kwindawo ekhuselekileyo yokwakha.

Ngaphezu koko, iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo zinceda izakhiwo zithobele imigangatho yokhuseleko lomlilo. Iibhodi ezilawulayo zihlala zigunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwezi zivalo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza okufanayo ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukuphunyezwa kwazo akukhuseli ubomi kuphela kodwa kukwakhusela nepropathi kumonakalo omkhulu womlilo.

Ingcebiso:Ukufakela iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo ngumlinganiselo osebenzayo onciphisa kakhulu iingozi zomlilo kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunye nokuhlolwa komeleza ngakumbi ukusebenza kwazo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngeyona ndlela iphezulu xa kubaluleke kakhulu.

Izibonelelo ze-Valves eziLawula uxinzelelo kwii-ACM Cladding Systems

Ukugcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluzinzileyo ngexesha likaxakeka

Iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo ngexesha longxamiseko lomlilo, into ebalulekileyo ekucinyweni komlilo okusebenzayo. Ezi zivalo zilungelelanisa ukuhamba kwamanzi ukuze zihambelane neemfuno zenkqubo, zithintela ukuguquguquka okunokuthi kubeke esichengeni ukusebenza. Kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding, apho imililo inokusasazeka ngokukhawuleza, ukugcina uxinzelelo oluzinzile luqinisekisa ukuba amanzi afikelela kuzo zonke iindawo, kubandakanywa nokuphakama okuphezulu okanye iindawo ezikude.

Ngokuhambisa amanzi ngoxinzelelo olufanelekileyo, ezi zivalo ziphakamisa ukusebenza kakuhle kwezitshizi kunye nemibhobho, eyenza abacimi bomlilo balawule amadangatye ngokufanelekileyo. Indima yabo iba yinto ebaluleke ngakumbi kwizakhiwo eziphakamileyo, apho ukuhluka koxinzelelo olubangelwa ubunzima kunokuthintela imizamo yokucima umlilo. Ulawulo oluthembekileyo loxinzelelo luqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngaphandle komthungo, zikhusela ubomi kunye nepropathi ngexesha likaxakeka.

Ukuthintela Uxinzelelo oluPhezulu kunye nokuphucula ukuthembeka kweNkqubo

Iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo zithintela ukuxinzezeleka okugqithisileyo, oko kunokonakalisa iinkqubo zokucima umlilo kunye nokunciphisa ukuthembeka kwazo. Izifundo zezembali kunye nedatha yendawo ziqaqambisa ukusebenza kwazo:

• Izifundo zentsimi zibonisa izinga eliphezulu lokungaphumeleli kwe-0.4% ngonyaka kwisithuba sokuhlolwa kweenyanga ezingama-30, kunye nenqanaba lokuzithemba kwe-95%.
• Uhlalutyo lwe-regression lubonisa ukuba ezi zivalo zithembeke ngakumbi ekuhambeni kwexesha, zigxininisa ukuqina kwazo kunye namandla okukhusela.

Ngokugcina uxinzelelo oluqhubekayo, ezi zivalo zinciphisa ukuguga kunye nokukrazula kumacandelo enkqubo, ukwandisa ixesha lokuphila kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuthembekileyo. Ukukwazi kwabo ukuthintela uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwakhona kunciphisa umngcipheko wokungaphumeleli kwenkqubo ngexesha lexesha elibalulekileyo, ukuphucula ukuthembeka okupheleleyo.

Ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweMigangatho yoKhuseleko loMlilo

Iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo zidlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuncedeni izakhiwo zihlangabezane nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Imibutho elawulayo efana neNational Fire Protection Association (NFPA) igunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kwayoiinkqubo zokucima umliloukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo kunye nokuhamba.

Ubungqina	Inkcazo
Ukuthotyelwa kwe-NFPA 20	Iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo ziyimfuneko ekugcineni uxinzelelo oluyimfuneko kunye nokuhamba kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo, njengoko kuchazwe kwimigangatho ye-NFPA ye-20.
Imfuneko yesiXhobo soKhuseleko	I-NFPA i-20 igunyazisa ukufakwa kweeValve zoNcedo lwe-Pressure Relief ukunqanda uxinzelelo olugqithisileyo kwiinkqubo zokukhusela umlilo.

Ukongezelela, iinkonzo zokuvavanya kunye nokuqinisekiswa kwezi zivalo zilandela imigangatho yokufakela i-NFPA, iqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yokhuseleko lomlilo. Isiganeko somlilo se-1991 kwi-One Meridian Plaza sigxininise ukubaluleka kokumisela ngokufanelekileyo i-valve yokunciphisa uxinzelelo ekugcineni uxinzelelo olwaneleyo kwimizamo yokucima umlilo. Ngokuthobela le migangatho, iivalvu ezilawula uxinzelelo azigcini nje ukwandisa ukhuseleko kodwa zikhusela izakhiwo kwiimpembelelo zomthetho nezemali ezinxulumene nokungathotyelwa.

ULondolozo kunye nokuThobela iiValuvu eziLawula uxinzelelo

Ukubaluleka koHlolo lwarhoqo kunye noLondolozo

Ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokugcinwaiivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo ziyimfuneko ekuqinisekiseni ukuthembeka nokusebenza kwazo. Ukungawahoyi la macandelo abalulekileyo kunokukhokelela kwiziphumo ezibi, kubandakanywa ukusilela kwezixhobo kunye neengozi zokhuseleko. Njengokuba:

• Ivalve engasebenzi kakuhle ngexesha lokuhlolwa kubangele ukuvuza kweekhemikhali ezinobungozi, kuveze abasebenzi kwizinto eziyityhefu kwaye kubangele imiba enzima yempilo.
• Abasebenzisi bezixhobo ezikhethekileyo kufuneka babeke phambili iingxaki, ukulungiswa, kunye nokuhlolwa kweevalvu zokhuseleko ukuthintela iingozi.

Ukugcinwa rhoqo kunceda ukuchonga ukuguga, ukubola, okanye ukuvuza okunokwenzeka ngaphambi kokuba kunyuke kube ziingxaki ezinkulu. Iindlela ezilungileyo zokugcina ezi zivalo ziquka:

Uqheliselo oluNgcono	Inkcazo
Ukuhlolwa rhoqo	Chonga ukuguga, ukubola, okanye ukuvuza ngokujonga amaxesha ngamaxesha.
Ulungelelwaniso	Gcina i-setpoint echanekileyo ngokulungelelanisa ivalve ngamaxesha athile.
Ukucoca kunye nokuthambisa	Coca kwaye uthambise iindawo ezihambayo ngokweengcebiso zomenzi.
Ukutshintshwa Kwezahlulo Ezigugileyo	Faka endaweni ezonakeleyo ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle.

Ngokubambelela kwezi zenzo, abaphathi bezakhiwo banokwandisa ixesha lokuphila kweevalve zokulawula uxinzelelo kunye nokuphucula ukhuseleko olupheleleyo lweenkqubo zokucima umlilo.

Ukuthobela iMimiselo yoKhuseleko loMlilo kwiiNkqubo zeCladding ye-ACM

Ukuthotyelwa kwemigaqo yokhuseleko lomlilo kubalulekile kwizakhiwo ezineenkqubo zokuvala i-ACM. Amaqumrhu alawulayo agunyazisa ukusetyenziswa kweiivalvu zokulawula uxinzeleloukuqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo ngexesha likaxakeka. Ukulandela izikhokelo ezisekiweyo kunciphisa umngcipheko kwaye kuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo isebenza ngokufanelekileyo xa ifuneka kakhulu.

Iibhulethi zobugcisa zichaza iindlela ezininzi ezilungileyo zokuthobela:

Uqheliselo oluNgcono	Inkcazo
Iimfuno zoxinzelelo ezichanekileyo	Gcina ubuncinci boxinzelelo lomlambo njengoko kuchaziwe ngabavelisi.
Uqhelaniso olululo	Faka iivalvu ngokuchanekileyo ukuphepha imiba yokusebenza.
Ukunyuka okukhuselekileyo	Nciphisa ukungcangcazela kunye noxinzelelo lomatshini ngokunyuka okukhuselekileyo.
Izihluzi kunye nezihluzi	Faka umlambo ukukhusela umonakalo kunye nokugcina ukuhamba.

Ukongeza kokufakela, ukuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho yokusebenza yokhuseleko kubalulekile. La manyathelo awakhuseli nje kuphela ubomi kunye nepropathi kodwa akwanceda ukuphepha iimpembelelo zomthetho nezemali ezinxulumene nokungathobeli. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kufuneka bahlale bephaphile ekuphumezeni le migangatho ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabahlali kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zokucima umlilo.

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Iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo zisebenza njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko lomlilo kwiinkqubo zokugquma i-ACM. Bagcina uxinzelelo lwamanzi oluhambelanayo, ukuqinisekisa ukuba iinkqubo zokucima umlilo zisebenza ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha likaxakeka. Indima yabo ekudambiseni iingozi zomlilo kunye nokuhlangabezana nemigangatho engqongqo yokhuseleko ayinakubaxwa. Abaphathi bezakhiwo kufuneka babeke phambili ukufakela kunye nokugcinwa kwabo ukuze bakhusele ubomi kunye nepropathi.

FAQ

Bungakanani ubomi bevalve elawula uxinzelelo kwiinkqubo zokucima umlilo?

Ubomi bevalve elawula uxinzelelo buxhomekeke ekusebenziseni nasekugcinweni kwayo. Ngokuhlolwa rhoqo kunye nokunyamekela okufanelekileyo, ezi zivalo zingahlala iminyaka eyi-10-15 okanye ngaphezulu.

Kufuneka zihlolwe kangaphi iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo?

Iingcali zincoma ukuhlola iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo rhoqo ngonyaka.Ukuhlolwa rhoqoukunceda ukuchonga ukuguga, ukubola, okanye ukuvuza, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kakuhle ngexesha likaxakeka lomlilo.

Ngaba iivalvu zokulawula uxinzelelo zinyanzelekile kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM yokugquma?

Ewe, imimiselo emininzi yokhuseleko lomlilo ifuna iivalve zokulawula uxinzelelo kwizakhiwo ezine-ACM cladding. Ezi zivalo ziqinisekisa uxinzelelo lwamanzi olungaguqukiyo, ukwandisa ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yokunciphisa umlilo.

Phawula:Njalo jongana neekhowudi zokhuseleko lomlilo kunye nemigangatho ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa kweemfuno ezithile zokulawula uxinzelelo.